APC: Armed forces of the Congolese People. Political group with head office to the village of Aru, to the north - this one, on the border in Uganda. It received the support of this country.

Bemba, Jean-Pierre: He receives the name of chairman. Politician from the environment of the previous president Mobutu Sese Seko. He is the founder of the Movement of Liberation of the Congo (MLC), which he represented, as vice-president, in the government of transition from June 30, 2003 up to the elections of 2006.

Joseph Kabila was proclaimed winner of the elections. The tensions with the opposition brgan after the denial of Jean-Pierre Bemba, principal presidential candidate of the opposition of 2006, of obeying the orders of disarmament dictated by the government. This fact provoked clashes, deaths and the abandonment of the country for the same Bemba. On May 24, 2008 Jean - Pierre Bemba was arrested in Brussels by request of the Court Penal International (CPI) accused of crimes of war and against the humanity in the "Republic Centreafricaine" during the years 2002 and 2003.

CNPD: National congress for the Defence of the People, group of the expelled general Laurent Nkunda. The government and the armed group Congolese tutsi CNDP sealed an agreement of peace on March 23 2009 that approves the restructuring of the CNDP in a political party, the liberation of the arrested, the reinstatement of the CNDP in the army and a law of amnesty.

Coltan: Combination of two rare minerals: the columnita and the tantalite. Product used in different components of high technology to regulate the electrical flows. There are used in the manufacture of cell phones, MP3, laptops, ballistic missiles and spatial ferries. It is a natural costly resource, of which the RD of the Congo has 80 % of all the world reserves.

DDR: Initials that designate a program of disarmament, demobilization and reinstatement of ex-combatants in any part of the world.

FARDC: Armed forces of the RD of the Congo, a new governmental army. The ancient armed forces and the different armed groups that signed the agreements of peace of 2002 and 2003 created them. Last March of 2009 the government and the CNDP signed a peace agreement that approves the reinstatement of the CNDP in the armed forces.

FDLR: Democratic forces for the liberation of Rwanda, also named ALIR (Armey pour the Liberation of Rwanda). The ancient militias Interahamwe and the EX-FARO (Armed forces from Rwanda) created the armed group with the opposition of the government Rwandese. Both groups are responsible for the genocide of 1994, they fled of from Rwanda towards the East of the RD of the Congo after the offensive of the Patriotic Front Rwandese. Even if some of them took part in the genocide Rwandese, much of his combatants were recruited later in the crisis of the Great Lakes.

GNT: Transitional National government. Where Joseph Kabila supported his president's charge and four vice-presidencies were established, representing, respectively, the Government, the MLC, the RCD-gum and the not armed opposition. The agreement established a phase of transition between two years. At the end of this period, the general elections should be organized, and he was foreseeing the formation of a few new Congolese Armed forces, integrated with the government opposition. ICD: Dialogue ínter Congolese promoted by Joseph Kabila and celebrated in South Africa. The ICD led the negotiations led to term between the belligerent actors to Sun City, who finished with the signature of the Global and Inclusive Agreement in Pretoria, in December 2002, and the Final Record of Sun City (who groups and sums the agreements previous up) in April 2003.

Groups armed in Ituri: men of the war and satellites, usually from the Armed forces of Uganda, Rwanda and the RD Congo, fighting for the control of the region and of his natural resources, and often with an ethnic ascription to the communities hema and lendu. The principal groups are the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC, hema), the Front of the Nationalists Integrationists (FNI, lendu), the Party for the Unit and the Safe-conduct of the Integrity of the Congo (PUSIC, hema, scission of the UPC), the Popular Front for the Democracy to the Congo (FPDC, alur and lugbara) the Front of the Popular Resistance of Ituri (FRPI, ngiti). The majority of his members have integrated to the national program of DDR.

Kabila, Laurent-Désiré: Politician of the Democratic Republic of Congo, president during the period from 1997 to 2001. He was murdered.  In 1959, he joined the party General Association of Baluba of Katanga (AGBK), of socialistic tendencies. In 1965 he met Ernesto Che Guevara, who in this epoch was covering the world spreading the socialistic struggle. In his writings, the guerrilla Cuban/Argentinean does a bad evaluation of Kabila. The same year a coup d'état takes place in the RD of the Congo that restores the dictatorship of Mobutu Sese Seko. Before these facts, Kabila was turning into the leader of the guerrillas with the goal to obtain the fall of Mobutu. The final lift was in October 1996 and culminated in September 1997 when his troops took Kinshasa and Mobutu. He had to go into exile in Morocco.

Kabila, Joseph: He is the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the murder of his father Laurent-Désiré Kabila in January 2001, in the course of the Second War of the Congo. It gained the presidential elections of 2006, for which it continued in the charge. His political party is the Party of the People for the Reconstruction and the Democracy. The party has tried, with a certain success, to stop the civil war and to push back the foreign troops of the Congo. On March 28 2004, the followers of the ancient president Mobutu Sese Seko tried to knock down it with a coup d'état. From his arrival to the power, Joseph Kabila must have faced to several wars at the east of the RD of the Congo or to the rebellious internal forces and those who receive the support of the nearby governments (Uganda, Rwanda). The instability, the violence, the crime and the looting of the resources are very present, whereas the international community seems to turn the look away.

Mai-mai: Congolese militias that operate under local autonomous controls, but all under the same name. They are armed groups that Mai-mai puts up against the presence of Rwanda and Uganda against the region of the RD of the Congo, and to the armed groups that these two countries sponsor. The Mai-Mai also was represented in the transitional government.

Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré: Military man and dictator of the Republic of  Zaire between the years 1965 and 1997.  In 1965 he took the power from president Kasavubu. Rapidly he centralized the power and finished with the attempt of coup d'état of 1967. In 1970 he was proclaimed officially president and he began a Pro-Africa and Anti-Europe tour. In 1971 the country was named the Zaire. In1972 he changed his name Joseph-Désiré Mobutu to Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Wa Za Banga, the almighty warrior who, thanks to his resistance and inflexible will, will go of conquest in conquest, leaving fire to his step. In general, little worried for the duties that was implying his position, but for increasing his personal fortune, which 1984 were amounting to 4.000 million dollars, big part of which it was deposited in Swiss banks. This was almost the foreign debt of the country in that moment, and the year 1989 the government turned out to be forced to declare the discontinuation of payments for the interests and expirations of the international loans. All this cost to Mobutu the reputation of being the leader of a government that was the perfect example of “cleptocracia”. In May 1990, due to economic and social problems, Mobutu agrees to raise the prohibition of the existence of political parties, and transitional government forms up to the arrival of the elections. On May 16 1997, after fruitless attempts of agreeing the peace, the rebels tutsis and other groups opposite to Mobutu grouped in the ADFL captured it in Kinshasa. The Zaire happened to be the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mobutu fled and Laurent-Désiré Kabila turned into the new president. Mobutu died on September 7, 1997, while it was exiled in Rabat (Morocco), cause of a prostate cancer.

MONUC: Mission of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace in  to the RD of  Congo. It has been provided with a contingent of 16.000 soldiers and observers. The mission has not finished, so UN are still working in the country.

MRC: Revolutionary Congolese movement. It seems that initially it received the support of Uganda, but soon the Ugandan government detained several leaders of this militia. The MRC is integrated by the FRPI and the FNI. The MRC has the support of the north region of the country. He signed the agreement of peace and had a presidency and some departments in the government of transition.

Nkunda, Laurent: He is one of many men of the war who took part in the conflicts that have destroyed the RD of the Congo, in the group tutsi of the CNDP. He is facing an international arrest warrant for crimes of war and crimes against the humanity expressed by the authorities of the R.D. C. 58 has been identified as criminal of war in the report A // 534 of the special expert of United Nations on the situation of the human rights to the RD of the Congo and also his name has been quoted by the use of children welded in the report S/2005/72 of the General Assembly of the UNO. Last January 2009 it was stopped when Rwanda refuses to extradite the ex-CNDP leader.

PNDDR: National program of DDR  for the RD of Congo.

RCD-gomsa: Rassemblement Congolais pour the Démocratie-goma. It is the biggest armed group of the RD of the Congo that has signed the agreements of peace. He had a vice-presidency and some departments in the government of transition. From 2004, this party has an internal struggle between the followers of the transition and those who are not.

Documentation

África después de la guerra fría. Huband M. Editorial Paidós. 2001.

Africa Insight, vol. 34, nº 2-3. Rebuilding the DRC (RD DEL CONGO-Kinshasa). AISA. Pretòria, 2004.

Derechos humanos en África. Teoría y prácticas. Kabunda Badi M. Universidad de Deusto. Bilbao, 2000.

El nuevo conflicto de la RD del Congo. Dimensión, internacionalización y claves. Kabunda Badi M. Sial ediciones. Madrid, 1999.

Amnistía Internacional. Informe 2007. El estado de los derechos humanos en el mundo. Madrid: Aguilar, 2007.

Amnistía Internacional. Informe 2008. El estado de los derechos humanos en el mundo. Consultat a: http://www.amnesty.org, en línea, juny 2008.

Nova Àfrica, 15. República Democràtica del Congo: on és la societat civil? Roig i Berenguer, R., 2004.

Jeune Afrique, 2443. RD Congo, la Monuc change de visage. Dougueli, G. 2007.